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01359_Field_160.cap.txt
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Saunders opened
the Piggly Wiggly
self-service
grocery in 1916.
By 1923 he had a
chain of 2,800
stores across
the USA. Saunders
pioneered self-
service and brand
choice, giving
consumers a
cheaper and
a much quicker
one-stop shop
#
In the economic
austerity that
followed the
second world war,
the supermarket
was slow to
arrive in Europe.
The US, meanwhile,
raised the super-
market to an art
form, so by the
time it crossed
the Atlantic in
the Fifties the
concept was
highly developed
#
By the Sixties
supermarkets
were to be found
on every town's
main street in
Britain and
competition was
fierce. Price
wars and pro-
motions became
a daily feature of
supermarket
shopping. But
subtler psycho-
logical devices
have also been
used to keep
shoppers spending
#
The biggest
worry of the
supermarkets has
always been how
to ensure the
loyalty of their
customers. With
little difference
between the
range or quality
of products
offered by the
competing
supermarkets,
they have
worked hard at
building distinct
identities
#
The self-service
nature of the
supermarket
crated a need
for new kinds of
packaging, both
for hygiene and
for product
recognition. The
snappy designs
also provided a
way to make
unexciting
products seem
attractive to the
consumer
#
After the
hardships of
wartime rationing
the supermarket
was greeted
enthusiastically
by British
shoppers. They
became symbols
of the new age of
technology and
choice
#
The shopping cart
was the innovation
that allowed
supermarkets to
thrive. Previously
customers bought
only what could
be carried
comfortably, but
the arrival of the
shopping cart
encouraged them
to make larger
purchases
#
Supermarket
shopping is no
longer just a daily
chore, it is a
social event with
little pleasures all
of its own
@